Arterial blood gas interpretation the arterial blood gas provides the following values. Arterial blood gas analysis plays an indispensable role in the assessment and management of patients with a huge range of acute medical and surgical problems. The radial artery on the wrist is most commonly used to obtain the sample. Arterial blood gases made easy pdf download free ebooks. An arterial blood gas test can find ways to help your lungs do their job. It is simple, perhaps simplistic, but it will hopefully arm the reader with the tools. Introduction to arterial blood gases an arterial blood gas abg test measures the acidity ph, levels of oxygen, and carbon dioxide in arterial blood.
Arterial blood gas values given in table 1 are general ranges for reference. Arterial blood gas interpretation abg arterial blood gas analysis is used to measure the partial pressures of oxygen pao2, carbon dioxide paco2, and the ph of an arterial blood sample. Jan 26, 2015 other useful information from arterial blood gases. One advantage of subscribing to rss feeds is that you dont have to constantly revisit this site to check for updates within specific sections you might be interested in because your browser or feed reader will do this for you automatically on a regular basis plus you can even get email. It provides us with information about ventilation, oxygenation.
Mistakes in arterial blood gas abg interpretation are common in clinical practice. It is simple, perhaps simplistic, but it will hopefully arm the reader with the tools and confidence to make better sense of abg results in future. The present article aims to simplify arterial blood gas analysis for a rapid and easy bedside interpretation. Learn an organized approach to arterial blood gas analysis, incorporating serum and urine electrolyte values into your more advanced levels of analysis. This information indicates a patients acidbase balance, the effectiveness of their gas exchange and the state of their ventilatory. Base deficitexcess base deficit metabolic acidosis base excess metabolic alkalosis normal blood gas values arterial ph. Fourstep method of interpreting arterial blood gas analysis. Your doctor may run a blood gas analysis or arterial blood gas abg test if you are showing the signs of an oxygen, carbon dioxide, or ph imbalance such as confusion or difficulty breathing. Pdf on jul 1, 20, nicholas j cowley and others published rational testing. Arterial blood gas sampling society for acute medicine. While drawing venous sample make sure that no tourniquet is applied, artery is not compressed and sample is drawn against the flow of blood towards heart. It provides a measure of oxygen diffusion across the alveoli into the blood. Arterial blood gas interpretation made easy blood gas.
The interpretation is often easy, however, correlating the same with the infants status can. Description of the book arterial blood gases made easy. Looking for some tips to ease your anxiety over an upcoming test that covers arterial blood gas abg interpretation. Arterial blood gases abg results reflect underlying pathology and interpretation of the results are often compounded by ongoing disease processes and clinical interventions. This table is able to classify most clinical blood gas values but not all. Interpretation of arterial blood gases requires a systematic assessment of oxygenation, ph, standard bicarbonate shco 3. Fourstep method of interpreting arterial blood gas analysis 04 january, 2005 patients being cared for in general clinical areas are becoming sicker mcgloin et al, 1999 and sicker patients require more complex care and treatment department of health, 2002. Tic tac toe method arterial blood gas abg interpretation. If youre new here, you may want to subscribe to our rss feed. Its importance as a key tool in the workup of acutely unwell patients rivals that of the ecg and the chest xray. The interpretation of arterial blood gases australian. Students can work around the table, looking at ph, then co2 and then hco3 and find the answer in the correct box. Developed specifically for student nurses and based on the authors over thirty years of teaching experience, interpreting arterial blood gases the easy way teaches students a stepbystep method for interpreting blood gases and helps them learn how to apply the interpretations.
During your induction you are introduced to the practical workings of the point of care arterial blood gas abg machine in the ed. The chinese university of hong kong sampling of arterial blood for blood gas analysis will yield information on. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. An arterial blood gas abg analysis can tell you about a patients oxygenation, acidbase balance, pulmonary function, and metabolic status. Home notes 8step guide to abg analysis tictactoe method. The concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, whose partial pressures are measured along with other factors such as blood ph in order to. Blood can be drawn via an arterial stick from the wrist, groin, or above the elbow. Its possible to have more than one disorder influencing blood gas values. Arterial blood gas interpretation in 3 easy steps youtube. Oxygenation of blood through gas exchange in the lungs. Samples from the pulmonary artery are however, more accurate and can only be performed. For example abgs with an alkalemic ph may exhibit respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis.
These data provide information regarding potential primary and compensatory processes that affect the bodys acidbase buffering system. The authors then apply this approach to a wide range of realistic case studies that resemble situations readers are likely to encounter in practice. Some blood gas analyzers also measure the methemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, and hemoglobin levels. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Abg interpretation a guide to understanding abgs geeky. Understanding acidbase balance and interpreting arterial blood gas results can. Abgs are often used in conjunction with other tests to check how well the lungs are able to move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
Blood gases for beginners lynsey ward 4th february 2008february 2008. Arterial blood gas interpretation medical books free. Each case is then followed by an explanation of the acidbase status, the oxygenation status and a summary of the patients clinical picture. Abgs made easy for nurses w tic tac toe method for arterial blood gas interpretation. The process of analysis and monitoring of arterial blood gas abg is an essential part of diagnosing and managing the oxygenation status and acidbase balance of the highrisk patients, as well as in the care of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. This section presents how to interpret arterial blood gases. Jan 16, 2019 in this guide, we will teach you the eight 8 steps on how to interpret and analyze arterial blood gas abg results using the tictactoe method. All you really need to know to interpret arterial blood gases. Abg quick interpretation parameter acidosis normal alkalosis reflects ph 7.
Woodruff, msn, rnbc, cns, cmsrn, cen 6 easy steps to. Arterial blood gases indications and interpretation. Interpreting an arterial blood gas abg is a crucial skill for physicians, nurses, respiratory. This is a thoughtfully designed book, which is very pleasing to the eye and, in the best possible way, easy on the brain. Watch this video i made on how to use the tic tac toe method for solving arterial blood gases. Patients are often required to be checked for arterial blood gas analysis to find what exactly is happening in the body of patients system.
Components of the arterial blood gas the arterial blood gas provides the following values. Easy way on how to interpret arterial blood gases abgs with tic tac toe. Arterial blood gas abg analysis is a fundamental skill in modern medicine yet one which many find difficult to grasp. Arterial blood gas analysis dr abdullah pg 2 medicine amu aligarh. When one thinks of abg analysis, oxygenation may come to mind first. Feb 06, 2014 arterial blood gas interpretation in 3 easy steps boxmedicine. Interpretation of arterial blood gas pubmed central pmc. The investigators of these five trials had prospectively planned to combine their data as part of the. Learn the easy way of interpreting arterial blood gas results using the r. Learner is encouraged to pause video and attempt interpretation before watching the explanation. Arterial blood gas interpretation made easy on meducation. Thus, will be impaired in lung disease such as copd.
Venous blood is good for hco3 estimation but bad for ph, pco 2 and po 2. Interpreting arterial blood gases, pccu on line, chest. Arterial blood gas abg interpretation for medical students, osces and mrcp paces. You take a blood specimen for analysis of arterial blood gases for rapid biochemical evaluation to guide diagnosis and initial management. How to interpret arterial blood gas results correspondence. Interpretation of arterial blood gases abgs david a. Partial pressure refers to the force the gas exerts in the blood. However, the more complicated and in some ways more important part of abg analysis is ph regulation. Through simple diffusion, gases move from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure.
This book provides readers with the core background knowledge required to understand the abg, explains how it is used in clinical practice and provides a unique system for interpreting results. However, the femoral artery and brachial artery can be used if necessary. Arterial blood gas definition of arterial blood gas by. Weve created this guide, which aims to provide a structured approach to abg interpretation whilst also increasing your understanding of each results relevance. An arterial blood gas abg is a test that measures the oxygen tension pao 2, carbon dioxide tension paco 2, acidity ph, oxyhemoglobin saturation sao 2, and bicarbonate hco 3 concentration in arterial blood. Arterial blood gas analysis is used to determine the adequacy of oxygenation and ventilation, assess respiratory function and determine the acidbase balance.
Orlando regional healthcare is an approved provider of continuing nursing education by. Practice rational testing interpreting arterial blood gas. Arterial blood gas analysis is a common investigation in emergency departments and intensive care units for monitoring patients with acute respiratory failure. Analysis of arterial blood gases a comprehensive approach. An arterial blood gas, or abg for short, is a test that measures the blood levels of oxygen pao2, carbon dioxide paco2, and acidbase balance ph in the body. As you struggle to listen to the machine company representative talking about cleaning the machine. An excess reflects an excess of base in the blood and a deficit in the amount of acid in the blood. I have also made an idcardsized version which can be easily used on the ward. It is important to adopt a systematic approach to interpreting results of arterial blood gases, as outlined in table 2, preceded by a brief history and focused clinical examination. This is great,dreaming of doing nclex soon and this has made abg interpretation so simple,kudos. Making sense of arterial blood gases nursing times. It explains each component in turn followed by clinical examples to work through. Blood gas analysis is one of the major tools in assessing the respiratory. Arterial blood gases provide 2 specific types of information.
Aao2 is the alveolar arterial difference in partial pressure of oxygen o pao2 150 paco2rq o normal range. In the modern medical practice, the multitasking health providers time has. Oxygen content o2ct, oxygen saturation sao2, and bicarbonate hco3 values are also measured. These disorders are termed complex acidbase or mixed disorders. The pf ratio ratio between the pao 2 and the inspired oxygen concentration expressed as a fraction is a useful guide to the presence and severity of impaired. Arterial blood gases you are a new staff member working in the emergency department ed during your induction you are introduced to the practical workings of the point of care arterial blood gas abg machine in the ed. Abg analysis nclex exam 1 10 items abg analysis nclex exam 2 10 items. Uncompensated and compensated partial or full arterial blood gas abg interpretation. Arterial blood gas abg interpretation is something many medical students find difficult to grasp weve been there.
It is important to understand the physiological principles underpinning blood gas analysis, so these will be outlined briefly before exploring some practice issues for patients undergoing arterial blood gas sampling. As it is unable to combine with oxygen and it also decreases the oxygen carrying capacity of blood. Comparison of blood gas analysis at different sites arterial capillary venous. The key to making sense of arterial blood gases is to use a structured approach. This helpful, practical book begins with a clear explanation of acidbase balance, followed by a straightforward sixstep approach to arterial blood gas interpretation. Interpreting and using the arterial blood gas analysis. Arterial blood gas abg analysis is an essential part of diagnosing and managing a patients gas exchange and acidbase balance status, and can also be useful in providing immediate information about electrolyte status. Its a test that is used to assess how well oxygen is being distributed throughout the body and how well carbon dioxide is being removed. Arterial blood gas made easy slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Interpreting arterial blood gas results find, read and cite all the research you. This indispensable tool helps you assess and monitor critically ill patients in the icu or other critical care settings. Apr 03, 2020 an arterial blood gas requires the nurse to collect a small sample of blood generally, a full 1 ml. Combine the information from the ph, paco2 and the bicarbonate.
Body will not overcompensate when it comes to acidbase balance so. Majority of the oral and maxillofacial surgeons find it difficult to interpret and clinically correlate the arterial blood gas report in their everyday practice. Indications, interpretations, and clinical applications m etabolic derangements and respiratory distress are common presenting problems in emergency medicine. It provides a near immediate reflection of the physiology of your patient, allowing you to recognise and treat pathology. Abg interpretation is as easy as remembering four basic questions, and then answering them in sequence. Arterial blood gas analysis is used to measure the ph and the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood. Arterial blood gas case questions and answers in the space that follows you will find a series of cases that include arterial blood gases. Blood gas interpretation for neonates better safer care. Find out when you get it and what the results mean. This tictactoe technique involves a few charts to help you visualize abgs. Arterial blood gas interpretation felicia ratnaraj internal medicine pgy 3. This has led to underutilization of this simple tool. Aug 11, 2008 arterial blood gas interpretation slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Arterial sites either a peripheral arterial stab or an indwelling arterial line, arterial stabs may be taken from the radial artery provided there is also a palpable ulnar pulse or from the brachial artery, although this is in close proximity to the median nerve.
In the modern medical practice, the multitasking health providers time. The following is a simplified explanation of abgs, including a practical method for interpreting results. This excellent pocketsized handbook, which can be read at one sitting, is an object lesson in clarity. Carbon dioxide co2 elimination through respiration. This video will demonstrate how to solve partially vs. The investigation is relatively easy to perform and yields information that can guide the management of acute and chronic illnesses. Analysis of arterial blood gases a comprehensive approach ms barthwal abstract the arterial blood gases is one of the most important investigation for assessment of clinical oxygenation and acidbase status in critically ill patients. Arterial blood gas analysis is an essential part of diagnosing and managing a patients. The most important points when assessing a patient are the history, examination and basic observations. Mar 31, 2008 arterial blood gas made easy slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
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